Types of Shock: NCLEX Nursing Review

Hypovolemic Shock

Caused by fluid loss (hemorrhage, burns, dehydration). Signs: tachycardia, hypotension, cool/clammy skin, decreased urine output. Treatment: IV fluid resuscitation, blood products, stop bleeding.

Cardiogenic Shock

Caused by pump failure (MI, HF, dysrhythmias). Signs: hypotension, JVD, pulmonary edema, weak pulse. Treatment: inotropes (dobutamine), vasopressors, IABP.

Distributive Shock

• Septic: Infection → vasodilation. Warm, flushed skin initially. Treat with antibiotics, fluids, vasopressors
• Anaphylactic: Severe allergic reaction. Treat with epinephrine IM, airway management
• Neurogenic: Spinal cord injury → loss of sympathetic tone. Bradycardia + hypotension + warm dry skin

Key Nursing Interventions

• Position: Trendelenburg or legs elevated (except cardiogenic - elevate HOB)
• Two large-bore IVs, rapid fluid resuscitation
• Monitor I&O, LOC, vital signs continuously

Study more at Physiological study guide and Physiological mini exams.